Fine structure and physicochemical analysis of the metathoracic scent glands of Lincus Malevolus (Rolston) and L. Spurcus (Rolston) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae)

Abstract Bugs of the genus Lincus (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) are attracted by volatile compounds emitted from the inflorescences of fertile palms. To define the basis of their chemical ecology, we have studied the metathoracic scent glands (MTG) of males and females of 2 species, L. spurcus and L. malevolus . The metathoracic scent gland system belongs to the diastomien type. The 2 glandular pores located between the mesothoracic and metathoracic coxae are associated with “crescent-like” evaporation areas. The large median reservoir, which is composed of one type of flattened pigmented epithelial cells, is flanked by multitubular lateral glands. These glands result from the apposition of 2 cell-type glandular units. The strip-like accessory gland is embedded in the reservoir wall. At its level, the thinner cuticular intima forms finger-like invaginations where a protein secretory product is secreted. Extracts of the volatile fraction of the metathoracic gland secretion were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These analyses exhibited a typical pentatomid MTG composition. The glands of L. spurcus and L. malevolus males and females contain 11 compounds: (E)-2-hexenal, 4-keto-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, decane, (E)-2-octenal, undecene, undecane, (E)-2-octenly acetate, (E)-2-decenal, tridecane and (E)-2-decenyl acetate, including 3 major compounds, which represent 60–85% of the secretion in the 2 species: (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, and n -undecane. The 4-keto-(E)-2-hexenal is present only in the L. malevolus MTG, and represents 26% of its secretion. The female extracts of both species are characterized by the presence of (E)-2-hexenoic acid, which was detected in the male extracts as traces.