Coordinated Vehicle-to-Grid Control to Participate in Secondary Frequency Regulation

Since a plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) fleet can behave like a storage system and earn extra money by participating in secondary frequency regulation (SFR), a proper method that coordinates all the PEVs within this fleet is required. This paper introduces a coordinated vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control method to enable a PEV aggregator to participate in SFR, where the aggregator only needs to broadcast a simple signal and the PEVs decide their own control commands by solving an optimization problem iteratively through peer-to-peer communication. Compared with centralized method, the computational and communicational burden are remarkably alleviated by the proposed method. The objective to maintain the availability of PEVs during participating in SFR is also carefully considered. The effectiveness of proposed method is demonstrated via numerical simulations of a V2G fleet.