Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Nerium oleander L. terhadap Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Spodoptera exigua (Hubner.) dan Pengaruhnya pada Produksi Bawang Merah

Excessive use of insecticides in pest control causes various negative impacts, especially damage to agricultural ecosystems. To reduce chemical insecticides by utilizing plants that have potential as vegetable pesticides. Nerium oleander Linn. has the potential as a botanical insecticide because it contains oleandrin, which functions as a gastric poison and inhibits feeding of larvae. This study aimed to determine the effect of N. oleander leaf extract on population density and attack intensity of Spodoptera exigua and shallot yields on dryland. The study was conducted from May 2018 to February 2019. in Sidera Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The study used a randomized block design with 6 treatments, namely K0: without extract, K1: N. oleander extract 2.69 g/L, K2: N. oleander extract 5.38 g/L, K3: N. oleander extract 10,75 g/L, K4: N. oleander extract 21.5 g/L, and K5: N. oleander extract 43.0 g/L. The variables observed included population density and S. exigua attack intensity and shallot production. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the 5% BNJ test. The results showed that N. oliander leaf extract with a concentration of 43.0 g/L was able to suppress the population and intensity of S. exigua larvae attack from 1.58 to 0.71 and 2.79% to 0.71%, respectively. The yield of shallots increased from 4.97 t/ha to 8.67 t/ha.