Use of Synthetic Polymers and Biopolymers for Soil Stabilization in Agricultural, Construction, and Military Applications

Three relatively new applications for controlling wind and water erosion using polyacrylamide copolymers are described that take advantage of their ability to stabilize and add structure to soil. In the first application, low concentrations of anionic, high purity polyacrylamide (PAM) eliminates sediment in runoff water by more than 90% when added to irrigation water at 10 ppm , or at a rate of 1 to 2 kg ha−1 per irrigation. Lab-furrow tests were utilized to characterize the role of molecular weight, charge, and ion concentrations in applying PAM during irrigation. In the second application, PAM is applied at construction sites and road cuts at rates of 22.5 kg ha−2 (tenfold higher rates than in irrigation control) resulting in reduction in sediment runoff by 60–85% during (simulated) heavy rains. Finally, a formulation of PAM mixed with aluminum chlorohydrate and cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) superabsorbent at a ratio of (6:1:1) has been applied to create helicopter landing pads that minimize dust clou...