[A Case of Long-Term Survival after Multidisciplinary Treatment for Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Anal Canal]

A 75-year-old man presented to a local clinic with anal pain, and a palpable anal tumor on was found on digital examination of the rectum. A biopsy led to the diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Besides the anal tumor, an right-inguinal lymph node was revealed on computed tomography(CT). Positron emission tomography-CT showed abnormal uptake in the 2 regions. He was diagnosed with lymph node metastases from anal canal carcinoma, and an abdominoperineal resection was performed. The resected specimen included the anal canal tumor with a size of 27×18 mm in diameter. On immunohistochemistry, the anal canal tumor was strongly positive for synaptophysin and positive for chromogranin A, with a Ki- 67 positivity index of 70%. After the surgery, he was administered chemotherapy with 4 courses of cisplatin and CPT-11. One year after the surgery, CT revealed lymph node recurrence. Therefore, cisplatin and CPT-11 therapy was repeated. After 11 courses of the cisplatin and CPT-11 treatment, tumor regrowth was still detected. The treatment protocol was changed to an amrubicin monotherapy regimen. However, the patient's general condition worsened after the therapies, and he died 38 months after the surgery.