Efficiency and Safety of Inhaled Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (Abelcet) in the Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections Following Lung Transplantation

Abstract Background Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients undergoing lung transplantation (LT) are associated with significant mortality. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of aerosolized amphotericin B deoxycholate and oral fluconazole for antifungal prophylaxis. Evolving data show a potential advantage of prophylaxis with lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B in the prevention of IFIs. We reviewed the incidence of IFIs among patients receiving aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) in LT. Methods We undertook a retrospective review of the results of our antifungal protocol in a cohort of 60 LT patients. We analyzed the efficiency, safety, and tolerability of 50 mg of aerosolized ABLC administered postoperatively for IFI prophylaxis once every 2 days for 2 weeks and then once per week for at least 13 weeks. In addition, these transplanted patients received fluconazole (200 mg/d) during the first 21 days posttransplant. The prophylaxis-related efficiency and safety were quantified for IFIs and adverse events (AEs) for 6 months after study drug initiation. Results Prophylaxis was efficient in 59 (98.3%) patients. Only one patient developed a possible IFI, due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Four patients presented nausea and vomiting as an AE, although aerosolized amphotericin B was ongoing. Conclusions Nebulized ABLC was effective, safe, and well tolerated for the prophylaxis of aspergillosis in lung transplant patients during the early posttransplant period.