Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, Social Support and Opioid Use in Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Mindfulness, defined as awareness of the present moment is a type of meditation practice. We evaluated whether mindfulness or social support affects stress burden in patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for cancer. In addition, we wanted to evaluate whether mindfulness and perceived stress impacts opioid use in patients undergoing radiation therapy for Head and Neck (HN) cancers. MATERIALS/METHODS From July 2019 to January 2021, patients receiving RT for cancer were given 3 surveys to complete prior to starting treatment. The surveys included the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) which were used to measure mindfulness, social support, and stress respectively. A Pearson correlation was conducted for this initial analysis. In addition, MAAS and PSS scales were assessed in 20 patients (40 surveys) with HN cancer to evaluate opioid use. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test for associations between PSS, MAAS, age and elapsed days. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the distributions of PSS and MAAS between males and females, and between the opioid users and non-users. RESULTS In the initial analysis of 93 patients and 279 surveys, treatment sites included prostate, breast, HN, GI, CNS, lung, gynecologic, bone, and palliative pelvis, median scores for PSS, MAAS, and MOS were 14.0 (range:0-28, standard deviation:6.2), 5.1 (range: 2.8-6.0, standard deviation:0.8), and 4.6 (range: 0-5, standard deviation:1.0) respectively. Stress scores were in the low, average, and high stress ranges for 35 (38%), 26 (28%), and 32 (34%) patients respectively. Stress was negatively correlated to mindfulness, r = -0.494, P < 0.001. Social support was positively correlated to mindfulness, r = 0.264, P < 0.001, and negatively correlated to stress r = -0.340, P < 0.001. We added additional 10 patients in HN cohort (n = 20) where we compared MAAS/PSS with opioid use and we did not find a significant correlation between PSS and MASS (r = -.30, P = .20), MASS and age (r = .40, P = .08), or MASS and elapsed days (r = -.28, P = .22). The median PSS in the opioid group and non-opioid groups were 2.1 (1.7-2.3) (P = 0.32) and 1.9 (1.1-2.1) (P = 0.27), respectively. CONCLUSION Mindfulness did correlate with less stress and more social support. There was no correlation found between MAAS and opioid use. We plan to continue the study in a larger cohort of patients.