The polarization properties of an atomic gas in a coherent state

A possibility of polarization of the gas of hydrogen-like atoms at zero temperature in the Bose–Einstein condensate is studied at equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The Gross–Pitaevskii equation is generalized for a gas of atoms considering their electronic structure. It is shown that the wave function of the system of interacting bosons in a single-particle condensate at zero temperature looks like the Glauber coherent state. With the help of the generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation the polarization properties of atomic gas in the Bose–Einstein condensation state are investigated. It is shown that the electron stationary states in atoms of a gas in the coherent state differ from the electron stationary states in free atoms. Because of this the superfluid system can be spontaneously polarized, even if the free atoms in the stationary states have no intrinsic electric dipole moment. The polarization properties of a system of double-level hydrogen-like atoms in the Bose–Einstein condensate are stud...