High prevalence and clinical impact of dynapenia and sarcopenia in Japanese patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Findings from the iDIAMOND study.

Aims/introduction The present study aimed to clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of sarcopenia and dynapenia, which are muscle weakness with and without low muscle mass, respectively, in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,328 subjects with T1DM (n=177), T2DM (n=645), and non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) (n=506). Sarcopenia was defined as a low grip strength and slow gait speed with low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), whereas dynapenia was defined as low strengths of grip and knee extension with a normal SMI. Subjects in the absence with sarcopenia and dynapenia were defined as robust. Results Among subjects ≥65 years of age, sarcopenia and dynapenia were observed in 12.2% and 0.5% of non-DM, 42.9% and 11.4% of T1DM, and 20.9% and 13.9% of T2DM. In both T1DM and T2DM, sarcopenic patients were significantly older and thinner and showed a significantly higher rate of diabetic neuropathy than robust patients. In patients with T1DM and T2DM, dynapenic patients were older and showed a higher rate of diabetic neuropathy and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than robust patients. Patients complicated with sarcopenia and dynapenia showed a significantly lower physical quality of life (QOL) and higher rate of incidental falls than robust patients. Conclusions Sarcopenia and dynapenia were more frequent in patients with T1DM and T2DM than in non-DM, which might contribute to their impaired QOL and incidental falls.