Serum N-Terminal Type III Procollagen Propeptide: An Indicator of Growth Hormone Excess and Response to Treatment in Feline Hypersomatotropism

Background N-terminal type III procollagen propeptide (PIIINP) is a biomarker of soft tissue proliferation. Hypersomatotropism (HS) is associated with soft tissue proliferation. Hypothesis Serum PIIINP is increased in cats with HS and decreases with effective treatment, and may be an additional tool in the diagnosis and treatment of feline HS. Animals Cats with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus (DM; n = 30) and with HS-induced DM (HSDM; n = 30). Pre- and posttreatment samples were available from 5 cats undergoing radiotherapy (RT) and 16 cats undergoing hypophysectomy (HPX). Methods Retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study. Analytical performance of a serum PIIINP ELISA was assessed and validated for use in cats. PIIINP and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) radioimmunoassays (RIA) were performed pre- and post-treatment in cats with DM and HSDM. PIIINP and IGF-1 were compared between cats treated by RT and HPX. Results Serum PIIINP concentrations were significantly higher (P < .001) in HSDM cats (median, 19.6 ng/mL; range, 1.7–27.9) compared to DM cats (median, 5.0 ng/mL; range, 2.1–10.4). A cut-off of 10.5 ng/mL allowed differentiation between DM and HSDM cats with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity (area under the curve [AUC], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1). After RT, PIIINP increased significantly (P = .043) with no significant change in IGF-1 concentrations. After HPX, serum PIIINP (P = .034) and IGF-1 concentrations (P < .001) decreased significantly. Conclusion and clinical importance PIIINP concentrations are increased in cats with untreated HSDM compared to those with DM, demonstrating the effect of excess GH on soft tissue. PIIINP concentrations decreased after HPX in most HSDM cats.