In Situ Degradation and Remediation of Energetics TNT, RDX, HMX, and CL-20 and a Byproduct NDMA in the Sub-Surface Environment

Energetics such as RDX, HMX, and CL-20 exhibit low sorption and natural degradation, resulting in widespread groundwater contamination. Alternatively, TNT exhibits strong sorption and degrades to toxic recalcitrant intermediates. Field scale abiotic, biotic, and coupled abiotic/bioremediation can be more cost effective than pump and treat or sediment removal, but rates of processes in relevant insitu conditions need to be understood.