Surgery for Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

Surgery for movement disorders (MD) has experienced a renaissance over the past decade due to technological advances, greater comprehension of physiology of the basal ganglia, development of reliable disease severity scales, and multicentre clinical trials. While surgery for Parkinson disease (PD) usually receives the bulk of attention and discussion, contemporary surgical results for dystonia are more impressive and seem to be associated with fewer complications than that for PD. The surgical management of Huntington disease and Tourette syndrome remains experimental although a few reports have suggested benefit.