Orthotopic Heart Transplantation for Congenital Heart Disease: An Alternative for High-Risk Fontan Candidates?

Objective— Evaluation of incremental risk factors for early mortality in children undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) for congenital heart disease. Methods— Between 1988 and 2002, 43 patients (mean age 9.1±7.2 years) underwent 44 OHT for complex TGA (6), DORV (4), single ventricle (21), and other end-stage structural heart disease (11). Two discernible ventricular chambers were present in 18 pts (41.8%). Previous reconstructive or palliative procedures had been previously accomplished in 35 pts (83.3%), including atrial switch (5), systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (10), cavopulmonary anastomosis (9), Fontan completion (6), and others (5). Results— 30-day survival for the 2-ventricle subgroup was 94.4±5.4% compared with 67.2±9.5% for the single ventricle subgroup (P=0.04) (overall 78.6%±3.3%). OHT following single ventricle staging to bi-directional cavopulmonary anastomosis exhibited 100% early survival, as opposed to 62.5±17.1% for OHT after systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, and 33.3±19.2% for OHT ...