Effects of dietary Kleinhovia hospita and Leucaena leucocephala leaves on rumen fermentation and microbial population in goats fed treated rice straw

The effects of partial replacement of dietary protein by forages on rumen fermentation and microbiology in goats were examined. Four fistulated Boer bucks were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The goats were fed 60% of urea-treated rice straw and 40% dietary treatment (Kleinhovia hospita (KH), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), mixture of K. hospita with L. leucocephala (KHLL)) and concentrate as the control. Rumen fluid from the animals was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h postprandial for analysis. The KHLL diet had a greater (P < 0.05) molar proportion of acetate than the control diet throughout the sampling period. At 6 h postprandial, the KHLL goats had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) ammonia nitrogen than the goats fed other diets. The molar proportion of propionate (24.7 and 25.8 mol/100 mol) was greater in the rumen of KHLL goats compared with those fed other diets at 2 and 12 h postprandial, respectively. The KHLL diet had lower (P < 0.05) butyrate than other dietary treatments. At 4 h postprandial, the control goats had a lower (P < 0.05) population of total bacteria while the KHLL goats had a greater (P < 0.05) population at 4 and 12 h postprandial compared with those fed other diets. The LL, KH, and KHLL goats had lower (P < 0.05) populations of protozoa and methanogens and a greater (P < 0.05) population of Ruminococcus albus compared with the control goats. The KHLL leaves could be fed to goats without compromising rumen metabolism.