Маркеры регенераторного процесса в слизистой оболочке тонкой кишки при целиакии

Objective: Our aim was to objectify structural changes in small intestinal mucosa in patients with celiac disease, with defining criteria of regeneration process forecast. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, analytical study of «case-control». The research presents results of histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses of the small intestinal mucosa in children with proven cases of celiac disease before/after a gluten-free diet. The state of main cell types providing a structural mucosa homeostasis and their impact on the remodelling of hystoarchitecton type of atrophy was studied. Two clinical groups were formed: group I — with a complete recovery of the small intestinal mucosa (n = 10), and group II — with a permanent hystoarchitectonics disturbance (n = 7), which were put to a comparative morphometric test. Results : Installs: cytoarchitectonics recovery against the background of diet accompanied by a decrease of between epithelial lymphocytes to 12% (p = 0.002), eosinophilic granulocytes to 0.36 cells per mm2 (p = 0.003), plasma cells — up to 1.9 cells per mm2 (p = 0.003), increase in the number of fibroblasts to 1.64 cells per mm2 (p = 0.003), and leyomiotsitov — up to 6 cells on villi (p = 0.002). If persistent structural violations against the background of positive dynamics of the diet was to reduce the number of eosinophilic granulocytes to 0.41 cells per mm2 (p = 0.009) and plasma cells per 2.9 mm2 (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Persistent mismatch between the cell elements — epithelial, stromal cells and smooth muscle cells in the lining of the small intestine — initially hinders the successful course of the reparative process and prolongs recovery structure of small intestinal mucosa of celiac disease.