Variabilidad genética de características morfológicas de maiz nativo (Zea mays L.) en la Península de Yucatán, México

The objective of the research was to study the genetic variability of morphological characteristics of native maize in the Yucatan Peninsula (PY), Mexico. Thirteen recognized native maize accessions were used in the PY under the name of Naal Xoy, Xnuc Naal Blanco, Yellow Rooster, Dzit Bacal, Mejeen Naal, Rosa San Juan, Chack-Chop, Teel Chack, Sack Teel, San Pableno, Eju-Creole purple, Xmejen Naal Tsitbacal and Clove Chiapas, when sown in June 2017 and 2018, under a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The accessions were exposed to an average temperature of 28 o C from the sowing-physiological maturity, with 1353 and 1962 mm of rainfall accumulated in 2017 and 2018. The results revealed differences (P£0.05) in the morphological variables evaluated: Number of days to male flowering (FM) and female (FF) I present an instability of 12 days to FM and FF, with Naal Xoy and Eju-Creole purple, and 15 days to physiological maturity with clove Chiapas. A differentiation of 98 and 126 cm in ear height and plant with Eju-Creole purple; 6 and 1.1 cm in ear length and diameter with Xnuc Naal white and Chack-Chop, and Yellow Rooster. A variation of 4 rows with Teel Chack and 17 grains per row with San Pableno; 11 and 74 gr in weight of 100 grains (Xmejen Naal Tsitbacal, Rosa San Juan and San Pableno) and grains per ear (Naal Xoy); and a greater difference in performance with Naal Xoy and Dzit Bacal of 3105 kg/ha-1.