Auricular Reconstruction with modified expanded two-flap method In Goldenhar Syndrome: 7-year experiences

Abstract Background Goldenhar Syndrome (GS) is a systematic polymalformational disease characterized by microtia, hemifacial microsomy, ocular anomalies, abnormal vertebra and other deformities. These congenital malformations brought severe physical and mental stress to the patients. Auricular reconstruction has always been the primary appeal of the patients and their families to achieve a better facial balance and harmony. However, multiple deformities made it a great challenge to perform this technique. In this study, we reported a modified expanded two-flap method of auricular reconstruction, which is more applicable for patients with Goldenhar Syndrome. Methods Between January of 2012 and September of 2019, 69 cases of Goldenhar Syndrome underwent auricular reconstruction with the modified expanded two-flap technique. Auricular reconstruction was performed in three surgical stages. In the first stage, a 50 ml kidney-shaped tissue expander was embedded in mastoid region and the retroauricular skin expanded. In the second stage, the autologous rib cartilage was harvested and the ear framework fabricated. The expander was further removed, and then enveloped by the expanded flap, retroauricular fascial flap and a free skin graft. In the third stage, the reconstructed ear was further trimmed, including lobule transposition and tragus reconstruction. Results The patients were followed for 6 months to 7 years. There were 63 cases (91.3%) responded satisfied outcomes in size, shape, position and bilateral symmetry. One case suffered expander leakage and tissue expansion accomplished after the expander was replaced. Hematoma was occurred in four cases and removed to complete the reconstruction. Complications of cartilage exposure were observed in one case. Conclusion Modified expanded two-flap method is effective and safe in auricular reconstruction for patients of Goldenhar syndrome with long term satisfying results. Level of Evidence IV.