Effects of intramuscular clonidine on hemodynamic and plasma β-endorphin responses to gynecologic laparoscopy

In the present double-blind randomized study we have clarified the effects of intramuscularly administered clonidine as preanesthetic medication upon the hemodynamics during isoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy. To gain more information from the effect of clonidine on the pituitary response to stress during anesthesia we measured the changes in the ir β-E during the procedure