Role of Potassium Exchange in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass over ZSM-5: Formation of Alkyl Phenols and Furans

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass with ZSM-5 type zeolites is a commonly considered in situ upgrading technique for the production of partially deoxygenated bio-oils. The acidity and structure of ZSM-5 catalysts favor the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from oxygenates present in the pyrolysis vapors, such as acids, anhydrosugars, ketones and aldehydes. However, these acid catalyzed deoxygenation pathways remove functional groups from the aromatic ring structure, which makes the liquid bio-oil more amenable to processing in current petroleum refineries while subsequently decreasing the value of the compounds as industrial chemical feedstocks. The observation of improved yields of alkyl phenols and furans during catalyst deactivation suggests a method for tuning the product distribution by altering the parent zeolite catalyst via changes in acidity and/or incorporation of alkali metals known to accumulate on the catalyst during pyrolysis. Here, we report the catalytic fast pyrolysis of three biomass ...