Measurement of 1α hydroxycorticosterone in the Japanese banded houndshark, Triakis scyllium, following exposure to a series of stressors

Abstract An endocrine glucocorticoid response following exposure to a stressor has been well described for many vertebrates. However, despite demonstration of secondary stress responses in a number of elasmobranchs, our understanding of the endocrine control of these responses is lacking. This is largely due to the unusual structure of the dominant corticosteroid in elasmobranch fish, 1α-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-OH-B). Here we describe plasma extraction and HPLC separation procedures that allowed for the measurement of 1α-OH-B and corticosterone from plasma samples in the cannulated, conscious free-swimming Japanese banded houndshark, Triakis scyllium. While patterns of concentration in the plasma for 1α-OH-B and corticosterone were found to be similar in all experiments conducted, circulating levels of 1α-OH-B were consistently 100-fold greater than circulating levels of corticosterone. Immediately following cannulation surgery, circulating levels of 1α-OH-B increased 7-fold compared to pre-surgery levels, while the levels were 11-fold higher than pre-stress levels 30 min post a repeated handling/air-exposure stress. A three week period of fasting resulted in a 22-fold increase in circulating levels of 1α-OH-B in the banded houndshark. This is the first report of direct measurement of changes in circulating levels of the primary corticosteroid in elasmobranch fish, 1α-OH-B, following exposure to a stressor such as handling/air-exposure. Data indicate the steroid may respond similarly to the classic glucocorticoid response, such as cortisol in teleosts.