The Prevalence, Mortality rate and functional outcome of Intracerebral hemorrhage according to age sex and ethnic group in the state of Qatar

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using stroke database from the main tertiary hospital in Qatar (Hamad General Hospital) over the period of Dec 2013 to Oct 2017. Methods The prevalence of ICH was calculated based on age groups and ethnicity (Qatari nationals, non-Qatari Arab, South east Indian (SI) and Far East Asians (FE)). Thirty-day case fatality rate, poor clinical outcome at discharge (modified Rankin scale (mRS):3-6) and poor long-term outcome (mRS at 90 days: 3-6) were calculated per each age group sex and ethnicity. Result There were 653/4039 (16%) with ICH. The median age was 53 (IQ range: 45-64) with a male/female ratio: 557/96 (85.3/14.7 %). The 30-day mortality rate was 14.7 % (96/653), poor outcome at discharge (mRS 3-6): 66.8 % (436/653) and poor long-term outcome (mRS 90 days:3-6) 50.1% (199/397). The prevalence of ICH in Qatar was 24.9 per 100 000. The highest mortality rate was seen in the elderly ( ≥ 70 years old) (16/67 (23.9 %)) and young group (48/291 (16.5 %)). The most common ethnic group among our ICH population are the following: FE (40.59 per 100 000), Qatari (25.26 per 100 000) and SI ethnic group (24.97 per 100 000). In multiple logistic regression analysis only, old age (≥ 70 years old) was associated with 30 days mortality (adj OR: 2.51, 95 % CI: 1.14-5.54, P = 0.023). Similar regression analysis was also observed that age ≥ 70 years old (adj. OR: 4.18, 95 % CI: 1.27-13.77, P = 0.019), sex (male) (adj. OR: 0.21, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.56, P = 0.002), and ethnicity (SI vs Qatari: adj. OR: 4.08, 95 % CI: 1.28-12.92, P = 0.017); (FE vs Qatari: adj. OR: 2.22, 95 % CI: 0.65-7.67, P = 0.203) are statistically associated with poor outcome. Conclusion The prevalence of ICH was high in the elderly and in the FE, Qatari, and SI ethnic group. Further studies are needed to better understand the differences in ICH prognosis in multiethnic groups.