Increased NHE1 expression is targeted by specific inhibitor cariporide to sensitize resistant breast cancer cells to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo

Background The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer cells has not been completely elucidated. The NHE1 inhibitor cariporide has been demonstrated to inhibit human cancer cell lines. The goal of this study was to provide new sights into improved cancer cell chemosensitivity mediated by cariporide with activation of the apoptosis pathway.