Effects of mepivacaine 2% with epinephrine in the cardiovascular activity of patients undergoing third molar surgery: a prospective clinical study.

BackgroundCardiovascular effects of epinephrine, especially on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), have been well documented. When present in dental local anesthetic solutions, epinephrine concentration ranges from 5 to 20 µg/mL. Doses less than 200 µg are recommended to be clinically safe.Obje