Mined land wetlands as breeding grounds for the giant Canada goose

In Illinois wetlands resulting from surface mining have long been recognized as a valuable resource. A once presumed extinct race of Canada goose, rediscovered 20 years ago, has been successfully re-introduced in several areas within its former breeding range. One such population has been established in a three-county area of west-central Illinois that provides an extensive acreage of a variety of wetlands that are the consequence of over 40 years of surface mining. Following the release of 425 Giant Canada Geese (Branta canadensis maxima) during a 5-year period (1967-71), a population of over 3000 birds now represents the local flock prior to the nesting season. Study of 242 nest sites suggest these wetlands afford high-quality habitat with those with islands being the preferred. The 5.7 mean clutch size and the near 75% nest success are among the highest recorded. Insular nest sites, because of isolation from predators, are over 2 times more productive than those on the perimeter of waters. The tame grasses and legumes of pastures and meadows, the principal reclamation practice where these wetlands occur, yield adequate nesting materials and cover for nesting and brood rearing. This re-established resource has been made possible only because of wetlands createdmore » by mining where extensive prime agricultural lands prevail. Management policies and techniques are identified and discussed.« less