Comparison of URANS, PANS, LES and DNS of flows around simplified ground vehicles with passive flow manipulation

Flow control of ground vehicles has recently attracted large interest in both industry and academia. The potential in energy savings seems to be considerable and at the moment both passive and active control strategies are explored. Regardless of the choice of control strategy, numerical methods are required for our understanding of flow control processes and improvement of its performance. The present work ex- plores applicability of whole spectra of numerical techniques from URANS, PANS to LES and DNS for prediction of two flows with an additional body.