Sex Matters in Neuroscience and Neuropsychopharmacology.

Prevalence and symptoms of most psychiatric and neurological disorders differ in men and women and there is substantial evidence that their neurobiological basis and treatment also differ by sex . This special issue sought to bring together a series of empirical papers and targeted reviews to highlight the diverse impact of sex in neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology. This special issue gathers empirical papers and targeted reviews to emphasize the diverse impact of sex in neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology, including 9 review papers and 17 research articles highlighting investigation in different species (zebra fish, mice, rats and humans). Each contribution covers scientific topics that overlap with genetics, endocrinology, cognition, behavioral neuroscience, neurology and pharmacology. Highlighting the extent to which sex differences can impact the brain and behavior is key to moving forward in neuroscience research.