Combinatorial Studies on Wet-Chemical Synthesized Ti-Doped α-Fe2O3: How Does Ti4+ Improve Photoelectrochemical Activity?

Hematite (α-Fe2O3)-based photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation has been intensively studied for decades. Doping with isovalent or aliovalent ions is one way to mitigate several intrinsic drawbacks of bare hematite. While addition of Ti in the bulk has been reported for improving photoresponse, several aspects of effects of Ti impregnation have not been justified. In this work, Ti:Fe2O3 nanoellipsoids synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process present improved photoelectrochemical response. Tuned symmetry of Fe–O and Fe–Fe (Fe–Ti) with less recombination during charge transportation, tuned electron configuration of O2p-Fe4s4p hybridization in Ti-adjoining regime with enhanced electron relaxation within Fe2O3 lattice, suppressed O2/H2O back reaction (reduction of O2), and inhibit formation of surface defects during hydrothermal synthesis were attested by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky analysis, and photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, Ti:Fe2O3 show...