Carcinome épidermoide de la vésicule biliaire compliquant une dilatation kystique de la voie biliaire principale (VBP) et du canal cystique: à propos d´un cas

Congenital cystic disease of the biliary tree is a known risk factor for gallbladder cancer. We here report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the bile duct (BD) complicating a cystic dilatation of the bile ducts in a 54-year-old woman hospitalized for biliary pancreatitis. Abdominal scanner showed nodular thickening of the fundus of the gallbladder and fusiform dilation of the cystic duct and the main bile duct (VBP) with lesion of the tail of the pancreas, initially suggesting mucinous cystadenoma. Extended cholecystectomy involving the gallbladder fossa with resection of the distal biliary tract, choledocoduodenal anastomosis with caudal splenopancreatectomy + drainage were performed. Histopathological examination of the gallbladder mass revealed moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma without infiltration of the hepatic parenchyma. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient did not have the common symptoms of gallbladder cancer. Then radiology was necessary to make a diagnosis. Surgery is the best therapeutic option for early-stage gallbladder cancer, but adjuvant chemo-radiation may also be useful in treating these patients. Cholecystectomy with resection of cystic dilatation of the bile duct in high-risk patients are the most effective means of prevention.