Anther ontogeny in Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae)

In this study anther ontogeny of Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy with special reference to the development of the anther wall. The anther wall formation follows the dicotyledonous type. The differentiation in anther starts with the appearance of archesporial cells which undergo periclinal divisions to give primary parietal layer to the epidermal site and the primary sporogenous cells to the inside. The primary parietal layer also divides to form two secondary parietal layers. Later, the outer secondary parietal layer (spl1) forms the endothecium and the middle layer by periclinal division whereas the inner one (spl2) directly develops into the outer tapetum forming the inner most layer of the anther wall. The sporogenous tissue is generally organized in two rows of cells with a horseshoe-shaped outline. The remainder of the tapetum lining the sporogenous mass is derived from the connective tissue. The tapetum thus has dual origin and dimorphic. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. The wall of the anther consists of an epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and the secretory type tapetum. Tapetal cells are usually binucleated. Epidermis and Endothecium layers of anther wall remain intact until the end of anther and pollen development; however, middle layer and tapetum disappear during development.