Migración venezolana. Retorno en tiempos de Pandemia (COVID 19)

Miles de venezolanos han regresado al pais en el contexto de una crisis humanitaria y la pandemia de Covid-19 Desde 2015, la huida de venezolanos, principalmente a paises latinoamericanos, ha quintuplicado a los que se fueron durante el periodo 1999-2014 La pandemia y sus consecuencias politicas, economicas y sociales en los paises de acogida paralizaron la movilizacion de la poblacion venezolana y obligaron a muchos de ellos a regresar, principalmente por via terrestre Este trabajo exploratorio, cualitativo y documental investigo las causas subyacentes que motivaron el regreso de las personas de sus paises de acogida El documento presenta los testimonios de 31 migrantes extraidos de la prensa digital, comentarios en redes sociales, de dos entrevistas en profundidad y estadisticas internacionales El articulo se ha organizado en cuatro partes: la primera ofrece una perspectiva de la migracion venezolana, ubicandola en dos grandes momentos marcados por hitos politicos y economicos que seran determinantes en el tipo y destino de la movilidad venezolana La segunda seccion proporciona la base teorica para la explicacion del retorno migratorio;luego, el diseno metodologico ayudo a responder las preguntas planteadas;finalmente, se comparte una vision integral de los resultados, la discusion de los mismos y algunas reflexiones finales Uno de nuestros principales hallazgos asociados a los migrantes que han regresado a Venezuela es que son principalmente personas vulnerables y necesitadas, aquellas que, en los momentos mas criticos de su proceso de insercion, se sintieron paralizadas o frustradas por causas ajenas a ellos Alternate abstract:Thousands of Venezuelan have returned to the country in the context of a humanitarian crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic Since 2015, Venezuelans' flight, mainly to Latin American countries, has quintupled those who left during the 1999-2014 period The pandemic and its political, economic, and social consequences in the host countries paralyzed the Venezuelan population's mobilization and forced many of them to return, mainly by land This exploratory, qualitative, and documentary work investigated the underlying causes that motivated people's return from their host countries The document presents the testimonies of 31 migrants extracted from the digital press, comments on social networks, from two in-depth interviews, and international statistics The article has organized into four parts: the first offers a perspective of Venezuelan migration, placing it in two great moments marked by political and economic milestones that will be decisive in the type and destination of Venezuelan mobility;The second section provides the theoretical foundation for the explanation of migratory return;then, the methodological design helped answer the questions posed;finally, a comprehensive vision of the results, the discussion of the findings and some final reflections are shared One of our main findings associated with the migrants that have had returned to Venezuela is that they are mainly vulnerable and needy people, those who, in the most critical moments of their insertion process, felt paralyzed or frustrated by no fault of their own