Pronation des 1. Mittelfußknochens in Hallux Valgus Deformität

Abstract Axial rotation of the 1st metatarsal (M1) as a factor in the development of hallux valgus (HV) deformity was described early by authors in the consideration of the pathology. However, for almost two decades, it was largely overlooked as HV was thought to be a two dimensional forefoot deformity bound in the transverse and sagittal planes. Thus, during this time period, many of the methods developed to measure and describe this deformity were biplanar in nature, adding to the limited understanding of this deformity. Subsequently, operative techniques for HV were also devised to correct any deformity of these two planes, leaving the frontal rotational status of the M1 uncorrected. Recently, as our imaging and understanding of this deformity improves, authors and clinicians have begun to re-consider M1 axial rotation as a principal feature of HV. The aim of this paper is to provide the most recent understanding of M1 axial rotation and how its consideration has changed temporally within the field of foot and ankle surgery.