Controllable DC power exchange systems based on switching capacitors

Design principles of pulse-amplitude (PAM) and pulse-width (PWM) modulation controllable systems for two-level direct current (DC) power exchange systems (PES) based on structures with switching capacitors are considered. The universal structure of a controllable PES not requiring additional regulating elements is proposed. It is shown that the efficiency factor of the controllable PES (PAM) depends only on the levels of input and output voltages and does not change during regulation. The regulating characteristics are obtained and PES (PAM and PWM) transistor switches control algorthms are developed and illustrated by corresponding control matrices.