Fast and efficient removal of Cr(VI) to ppb level together with Cr(III) sequestration in water using layered double hydroxide interclated with diethyldithiocarbamate

Abstract It is still a great challenge to find an eco-friendly, easy-to-synthesize, and cheap adsorbent to rapidly remove Cr(VI) to ppb level in the Cr(VI)-polluted water. Herein, a new layered double hydroxide nanocage intercalated with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC-LDH) was fabricated via a facile calcination-rehydration method. The DDTC-LDH rapidly decreased Cr(VI) concentration from 5 to S and C S groups. Attractively, the generated Cr(III) was also quickly removed to below 0.1 mg/L via an opportune Lewis hard-hard interaction with C–SOx groups produced through C S oxidation. Additionally, Cr(VI) could be removed by DDTC-LDH at a wide pH application range (3.17–10.78) and with weak effects by coexisting anions (Cl−, NO3−, CO32−, SO42−, and PO43−). We systematically analyzed and proposed the mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal by the DDTC-LDH, orderly containing electrostatic attraction, Cr(VI) complexation by sulfur atoms in C S and C S groups, reduction of the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the C S and C S groups, and Cr(III) complexation by sulfur atoms in C–SOx groups. Our results provide new insights into the Cr(VI) removal using organosulfur compounds, that is to say, the organosulfur group Lewis hardness increased (from C–S to C–SOx) as the Cr species Lewis hardness increased (from Cr(VI) to Cr(III)), so as to opportunely ensure fast and efficient capture of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) via Lewis acid-base interactions.