Ulipristal acetate compared with leuprorelin acetate for Japanese women with symptomatic uterine fibroids: a phase III randomized controlled trial

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ulipristal acetate (UPA) for uterine fibroids (UFs), a phase III study was conducted with leuprorelin (LEU) as a comparator. This is the first confirmatory trial of UPA for UFs among Asians. Design Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study. Setting Thirty-two sites in Japan. Patient(s) Patients were assigned to 2 arms, with 82 patients in the UPA group and 79 patients in the LEU group. Intervention(s) In the UPA group, 10 mg of UPA was orally administered once a day for 12 weeks. In the LEU group, 1.88 mg or 3.75 mg of LEU was subcutaneously administered at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Main Outcome Measure(s) The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with amenorrhea for 35 days. For safety evaluation, adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Result(s) The percentage of patients with amenorrhea for 35 days was 87.0% in the UPA group and 81.8% in the LEU group, and the efficacy of UPA for causing amenorrhea for 35 days was confirmed to be noninferior to that of LEU. AEs occurred in 78.0% of the patients in the UPA group and 88.8% of the patients in the LEU group. Conclusion(s) The effect of UPA on heavy menstrual bleeding was shown to be comparable with that of LEU in Japanese patients with symptomatic UFs. No notable AEs occurred because of the UPA treatment, and the incidence of AEs in the UPA group was comparable with that of AEs in the LEU group. This result demonstrates the clinical utility of UPA for Asians.