PI3Kγ kinase activity is required for optimal T-cell activation and differentiation

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is a leukocyte-specific lipid kinase with signaling function downstream of G protein-coupled receptors to regulate cell trafficking, but its role in T cells remains unclear. To investigate the requirement of PI3Kγ kinase activity in T-cell function, we studied T cells from PI3Kγ kinase-dead knock-in (PI3KγKD/KD) mice expressing the kinase-inactive PI3Kγ protein. We show that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from PI3KγKD/KD mice exhibit impaired TCR/CD28-mediated activation that could not be rescued by exogenous IL-2. The defects in proliferation and cytokine production were also evident in naive and memory T cells. Analysis of signaling events in activated PI3KγKD/KD T cells revealed a reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and ERK1/2, a decrease in lipid raft formation, and a delay in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, PI3KγKD/KD CD4+ T cells displayed compromised differentiation toward Th1, Th2, Th17, and induced Treg cells. PI3KγKD/KD mice also exhibited an impaired response to immunization and a reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity to Ag challenge. These findings indicate that PI3Kγ kinase activity is required for optimal T-cell activation and differentiation, as well as for mounting an efficient T cell-mediated immune response. The results suggest that PI3Kγ kinase inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the undesirable immune response in autoimmune diseases.