Anti-platelet drug loaded targeted technologies for the effective treatment of Atherothrombosis.

Atherothrombosis is the result of direct interaction between atherosclerotic plaque and arterial thrombosis and is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. As a long term progressive disease, atherosclerosis frequently results in an acute atherothrombotic event through plaque rupture and platelet-rich thrombus formation. The pathophysiology of atherothrombosis involves cholesterol accumulation endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, immuno-inflammatory and apoptotic aspects. Platelet activation and aggregation is the major cause for stroke because of its roles including thrombus, contributing to atherosclerotic plaque, and sealing off bleeding vessel. Platelet aggregates are associated with arterial blood pressure and cardiovascular ischemic events. Under normal physiological conditions when a blood vessel is damaged, the task of platelets within the circulation is to arrest the blood loss. Antiplatelet inhibit platelet function thereby decrease thrombus formation with complementary modes of action to prevent atherothrombosis. In the present scientific scenario, researchers throughout the world are focusing towards the development of novel drug delivery systems to enhance patient's compliance. Immediate responding pharmaceutical formulations become an emerging trend in the pharmaceutical industries with better patient compliance. Here in the proposed review will focused towards the understanding on the molecular pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and recent novel formulation approaches for the treatment of atherothrombosis with special emphasis on commercial formulation and upcoming technologies.