SeaFlux: harmonization of air–sea CO 2 fluxes from surface p CO 2 data products using a standardized approach
2021
Abstract. Air–sea flux of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a critical component
of the global carbon cycle and the climate system with the ocean removing
about a quarter of the CO 2 emitted into the atmosphere by human
activities over the last decade. A common approach to estimate this net flux
of CO 2 across the air–sea interface is the use of surface ocean
CO 2 observations and the computation of the flux through a bulk
parameterization approach. Yet, the details for how this is done in order to
arrive at a global ocean CO 2 uptake estimate vary greatly, enhancing
the spread of estimates. Here we introduce the ensemble data product,
SeaFlux (Gregor and Fay, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5482547 ,
https://github.com/luke-gregor/pySeaFlux , last access: 9 September 2021); this resource enables users to
harmonize an ensemble of products that interpolate surface ocean CO 2
observations to near-global coverage with a common methodology to fill in
missing areas in the products. Further, the dataset provides the inputs to
calculate fluxes in a consistent manner. Utilizing six global
observation-based mapping products (CMEMS-FFNN, CSIR-ML6, JENA-MLS, JMA-MLR,
MPI-SOMFFN, NIES-FNN), the SeaFlux ensemble approach adjusts for
methodological inconsistencies in flux calculations. We address differences
in spatial coverage of the surface ocean CO 2 between the mapping
products, which ultimately yields an increase in CO 2 uptake of up to
17 % for some products. Fluxes are calculated using three wind products
(CCMPv2, ERA5, and JRA55). Application of a scaled gas exchange coefficient
has a greater impact on the resulting flux than solely the choice of wind
product. With these adjustments, we present an ensemble of global surface
ocean p CO 2 and air–sea carbon flux estimates. This work aims to support
the community effort to perform model–data intercomparisons which will help
to identify missing fluxes as we strive to close the global carbon budget.
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