Hypoxia, Obesity and Drug Resistance; Towards Sustainable Development Goals and Globalization

Globosity is one of the rising threats towards sustainable development goals and the globalization of low and medium-income countries besides rising trends in high-income countries. Obesity is the excessive fat accumulation in a body, which hinders many of the metabolic processes as well as causes secondary morbidities. In obesity, when adipose tissues are increased, there is an enhanced need for oxygen; if they don’t get the appropriate amount of oxygen, they are turned into a hypoxic state, leading to activation of inflammatory markers and causes inflammation and swelling in the body. This excessive fat and hypoxia in obese patients lead to drug resistance. Hypoxia works as an obstacle in the normal influx of ions in the body cells because of which the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drugs are affected, and the drug cannot play an efficient role in the patient’s body. Moreover, the mode of action of the drug is also hindered by fats, and when there is high-fat concentration, lipophilic drugs are absorbed more easily; contrary to it, the hydrophilic drugs are not absorbed properly.