Sinonasal pleomorphic adenoma: A single institution case series combined with a comprehensive review of literatures

Abstract Objective This study aimed to reveal diagnosis, management, and treatment outcome characteristics of sinonasal pleomorphic adenoma and to identify predictors for disease recurrence. Methods This study comprised a retrospective review of data from seven patients with sinonasal pleomorphic adenoma who were treated by the authors at a tertiary medical center between January 2005 and May 2017. In addition, the MEDLINE database was searched for literature published in English. A systematic review of the published articles was performed. Results A total of 42 articles were eligible for review. Data from the seven treated patients and 101 patients described in the literature were included in the analysis. An endoscopic approach was employed in all cases treated at our institution, and recurrence was found in one patient with a large, 5.5-cm tumor. In reviewing prior publications, the mean age at surgery was 45.4 years, and the primary sign at diagnosis was nasal obstruction. The most common primary tumor site was the nasal septum (57.4%), and the mean tumor size was 3.6 cm (range, 0.5–10 cm) in 76 cases for which detailed information was available. Endoscopic endonasal resection achieved successful oncologic control in applied cases (25/25, 100%). Recurrence was found in eight of 101 patients. Multivariate analysis identified tumor origin of the paranasal sinus (adjusted OR 31.000, p = 0.016) as being significantly associated with a high prevalence of recurrence. Conclusion Pleomorphic adenoma is a rare benign tumor of the sinonasal tract. Surgery that achieves clear margins is the treatment of choice. The tumor may be accessible via an endoscopic endonasal approach in most cases, although incomplete resection of the tumor stem may allow for tumor recurrence. In addition, our findings suggest that a tumor originating from the paranasal sinus is significantly associated with a high prevalence of recurrence.