Derechos humanos en España: protección del derecho al agua en familias con problemas de asequibilidad por riesgo de pobreza y exclusión social. Análisis crítico para una reforma legal

Although the main problems of access to water occur in poor countries, these can also have some impact on developed countries. In this case, the problem has to do mainly with affordability, that is, with the ability of families to pay the water bill; and this is aggravated when, as a result of non-payment, supply cuts occur. This situation may arise if the regulatory and legal framework does not guarantee, or not sufficiently, the access of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups to a basic good such as drinking water. In this essay, based on a critical approach, the protection of the human right of access to water in Spain is analysed against situations of risk of poverty and social exclusion to propose a legal reform. Situations of social exclusion justify a differentiated treatment of the right to a basic good for life, apart from the whole social protection against poverty, given that this reality limits the opportunities for access to social protection mechanisms. A first conclusion is that in Spain there is insufficient legal regulation in relation to the protection of this right. A second conclusion is that normative decentralization leads to social action measures in the matter of water supply being very heterogeneous, so that there is an unequal protection of the human right to water according to the place of residence.