Guia prático para o manejo da anafilaxia-2012

Anafilaxia representa uma das mais dramaticas condicoes clinicas da medicina, tanto pela imprevisibilidade de aparecimento quanto pelo potencial de gravidade na sua evolucao. A ocorrencia de anafilaxia determina enorme impacto na qualidade de vida das pessoas afetadas, dos seus familiares, cuidadores e amigos. As principais causas de anafilaxia sao medicamentos, alimentos e veneno de insetos. Estudos epidemiologicos recentes sugerem aumento da incidencia de anafilaxia. Aprofundar o conhecimento de causas e mecanismos de anafilaxia tem sido preocupacao constante da especialidade de Imunoalergologia. Nos ambulatorios de Alergia e Imunologia Clinica sao atendidas com regularidade pessoas que sofreram reacoes alergicas agudas graves e que necessitam de orientacao especializada. Nao e raro verificar que muitas superaram varios episodios agudos sem receber o diagnostico correto, assim como a orientacao especifica para procurar atendimento especializado. Cada reacao anafilatica representa risco, que e variavel dependendo das caracteristicas do paciente e do agente desencadeante. A falta de informacao de medicos e pacientes contribui para aumentar a chance de novas ocorrencias, expondo estes a riscos muitas vezes preveniveis. O Guia Pratico para o Manejo da Anafilaxia-2012 tem o objetivo de difundir o conhecimento sobre anafilaxia entre medicos e profissionais da saude, pacientes, familiares, professores, escolas e autoridades de saude publica. Este documento nao e um protocolo de atendimento a pacientes com reacoes anafilaticas, nem pretende formular rotinas clinicas ou interferir na autonomia e no discernimento do medico ao avaliar e orientar pacientes que estao aos seus cuidados. O documento contem de forma muito concisa o conhecimento atual sobre o tema e a experiencia pessoal de especialistas no manejo dessas situacoes, fornecendo informacao para o aprimoramento pessoal. Aborda-se o diagnostico e tratamento emergencial da anafilaxia, assim como, a avaliacao e o tratamento apos a crise. Cuidados basicos e atitudes preventivas que sao fundamentais na orientacao de pacientes e familiares sao analisadas. Anaphylaxis is one of the most dramatic clinical conditions of Medicine, by the unpredictability of emergence and by the potential of severity in its evolution. Anaphylaxis determines an enormous impact on the quality of life of people affected, their families, caregivers and friends. The most frequent cause of anaphylaxis are drugs, foods, and stinging insect venoms. Recent epidemiological surveys have suggested increased incidence of anaphylaxis. Development of the knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of anaphylaxis has been a constant concern of the specialist of Immunoallergology. In Allergy and Clinical Immunology clinics are frequent to consult people who have suffered severe acute allergic reactions that require expert guidance. Many patients had suffered previous episodes without receiving the correct diagnosis as well as specific guidance to seek specialized care. Each allergic crisis represents a health risk, which is variable depending on the characteristics of the patient and the triggering agent. The lack of information from doctors and patients contributes to increase the chance of new episodes, exposing patients to preventable risk. The Practical Management of Anaphylaxis-2012 aims to spread knowledge of anaphylaxis among physicians, healthcare professionals, patients, families, teachers, schools, and public health authorities. This document is not a protocol of care to patients with anaphylactic reactions, nor is it intended to formulate practical clinical routines and, its objective should not interfere with the autonomy and the discernment of the physician to evaluate and treat patients who are to their care. The document contains very concisely the current knowledge about the subject and the personal experience of specialists in the management of these situations, providing information for personal improvement. Deals with the diagnosis and emergency treatment of anaphylaxis, as well as the assessment and treatment after the crisis. Basic and preventive care who are fundamental attitudes for patients and families are analyzed.