Leadership style effectiveness and accountability in times of crisis: a cross-cultural study of the USA and France

This study proposes in times of crisis, accountability, not leadership styles such as charismatic and transformational, dictate followers' perception of leadership style effectiveness. The discussion is placed in the context of the emergent field of cross-cultural studies in leadership and Emotional Intelligence (EI), showing the need to set standards and best practices in exercising effective leadership. A questionnaire developed, tested, refined and validated, test a taxonomy of leadership style effectiveness and accountability in times of crisis. The USA and France are explored empirically, and managerial implications show the importance of developing standards and best practices in exercising effective leadership.