Planning and Design Modes of Land Consolidation in Typical Black Soil of Northeastern China

Relying on fertile black soil resources,northeastern China has been developed as the biggest commodity grain base.Meanwhile,for hilly terrains,excessive use of concentrated rainfall and from other reasons,black soil is facing heavy soil erosion,fertility decline,and soil salinization,etc.Reasonably conducting and implementing land consolidation planning and design through ecological reconstruction,erosion control,and soil fertility are sound ways to cure those problems.Based on characteristics of natural resources and agricultural economic development trends in northeastern China,the authors discussed concepts,and planning and design technologies targeted for land consolidation in Lunhe Town,Hailun County,Heilongjiang Province.Guided by the philosophy of harmony between human and nature,the frame-oriented method and problem-oriented approach were jointly used to analyze the key problems and technologies needed for the land consolidation project in this area.Results of frame-oriented method analysis show that factors,like unreasonable land use spatial patterns,imperfect road systems,and fragmental ditches,are the major problems in the study area.Physical conditions,such as hilly terrains,concentrative rainfall,long-term extreme low temperature,and societal reasons such as mismanagement and deforestation,can not only lead to heavy soil degradation and serious damage of hydraulic constructions,ditches,and roads,but also result in low productivity and an imbalance among ecosystems.A series of engineering projects were proposed,such as land leveling projects,irrigation and drainage engineering,and road engineering residential renovation,etc.Meanwhile,other innovative methods of special land consolidation engineering design,such as easy disassembly,anti-freeze anti-leakage back to plasma channel design,and anti-road-mudding road design,were suggested to reduce destruction of infrastructure due to alternating extreme low temperature and freeze-thaw climates in northeastern China.This paper can provide a basis for areas in cold regions where land consolidation planning strategies and design are needed.