A Nonredundant Human Protein Chip for Antibody Screening and Serum Profiling

on a microscope slide can be realized. Inaddition, the polymer coating of the glass slide enablesscreening of protein interactions under nondenaturingconditions. Such screenings require only 200- l samplevolumes, illustrating their potential for high-throughputapplications. Here we demonstrate two applications: thecharacterization of antibody binding, specificity, andcross-reactivity; and profiling the antibody repertoire inbody fluids, such as serum from patients with autoim-mune diseases. For the first application, we have incu-bated these protein chips with anti-RGSHis