Variabilidade genética interespecífica em formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex que ocorrem no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

At present, a few number of taxonomists work on identification of leaf cutting ants. Morphological-based methods do not always produce a reliable identification, due to the strong polymorphism observed even in the same colony. This fact leads to hypothesize that, besides those variations, others may also occur related to geographic distribution of the ants. Six Acromyrmex species were sampled at four locations in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and analyzed by RAPD and AFLP. Fifty UBC primers, originated from the University of British Columbia, were evaluated to select a set of primers that could be useful for species identification and genetic variability studies. Only 13 primers, which amplified fragments of all species, were selected. Although the selected primers produced fragments that allowed various ways for identification of A. heyeri, A. ambiguus, A. crassispinus, A. striatus, A. laticeps and A. aspersus, only UBC 354, UBC348 and UBC356 primers allowed a reliable identification showing the most visible fragments. Results by dendogram and morphological-based identification, showed that A. striatus and A. laticeps are less related to the other species. However A. ambiguus e A. crassispinus are the most genetically related ants in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The results indicate that a reliable identification of Acromyrmex can be carried out by RAPD and AFLP, yet allowing verification of genetic distance between species.