Improving the stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells from material to structure

Abstract Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising photovoltaic (PV) materials owing to their advantages such as high carrier mobility, excellent absorption coefficient, bandgap tenability, long diffusion length, and low material cost. These qualities have increased the efficiency of MHP solar cells to 23.3%. However, MHPs are hindered by a lack of stability. In addition, the applications of MHP solar cells are restricted by the instability of perovskite materials and devices. In this article, the most urgent stability problems faced by perovskite solar cells are identified, and recent progresses in MHPs are enumerated. The factors affecting the stability of perovskite materials and devices are also discussed. We analyzed the thermal and humid stability of perovskite materials in terms of transporting materials and their interface. In view of these recent advances, future works should focus on the large-scale application of MHP solar cells.