Exploring the Positive Thinking of Patients With Prostate Cancer: Self-efficacy as a Mediator.

BACKGROUND Research has explored the effectiveness of positive thinking on individuals, but only a few studies have investigated the factors that influence individual positive thinking, particularly among patients with prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to understand the factors that affect positive thinking among patients with prostate cancer and the mediating role of self-efficacy. METHODS A cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method were used to recruit patients with prostate cancer from 2 hospitals in Taiwan. Structured scales were used for data collection, including the General Self-efficacy Scale, Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite, Positive Thinking Scale, and Social Support Scale. RESULTS The total average score for positive thinking among 201 patients was 66.1 (SD, 9.4). The factors that influenced the positive thinking of patients with prostate cancer included self-efficacy, treatment satisfaction, perceived health status, marital status, and appraisal support. The effects of treatment satisfaction and appraisal support on positive thinking were partly achieved through self-efficacy (partial mediation). CONCLUSIONS Self-efficacy is a mediator that affects the relationship of treatment satisfaction, appraisal support, and positive thinking. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In the course of the disease, healthcare providers can help patients with prostate cancer to promote and maintain appropriate positive thinking by improving treatment satisfaction; increasing appraisal support from family, relatives, and friends; strengthening self-efficacy; and modifying unrealistic expectations.