Elevation in adduction. Relation to congenital strabismus and other types of ocular motility disorders

: This retrospective study shows the clinical data of 81 patients with elevation in adduction. The relationships between the elevation in adduction and various ocular anomalies, such as horizontal deviations, refractive errors, nystagmus, torticollis, superior oblique muscle paralysis and dissociated vertical deviation, have been studied in order to specify the clinical characteristics of this phenomenon. The age of onset of the elevation in adduction and of the dissociated vertical deviation has also been considered, and a typical temporal progression of these symptoms has been found. In this sequence, we first noticed the onset of the horizontal deviation, then the appearance of the elevation in adduction, and finally the appearance of the dissociated vertical deviation. Although the elevation in adduction is frequently found in association with the complex syndromic pattern of congenital esotropia, this phenomenon may also accompany other types of anomalies of ocular motility.