Volt és van feszültség – A villamosenergia-szektor szabályozásának fordulópontjai Magyarországon

A magyar energiaipar elmult 30 evenek szerkezeti atalakitasat, műkodesi modelljeit es szabalyozasat jol jellemezhetjuk a tangolepesek ritmusaval es karakterevel; gyors, dinamikus mozgas előre es hatra, oldalazo lepesekkel es feszultseggel teli megallasokkal vegyitve. A strukturalis atalakitas időszakaban (1992-2001) letrejottek a mai piaci szabalyozas alapjai, lezajlott a privatizacio es megszulettek a hazai villamosenergia-kereskedelmet kozel masfel evtizedig meghatarozo hosszu tavu kapacitaslekotesi es villamosenergia-vasarlasi megallapodasok (HTM-ek). A verseny 2001-től bontakozott ki a reszleges piacnyitas eredmenyekent letrejovő hibrid rendszerrel, melyet a 2000-es evek masodik feleben intenziv liberalizacio kovetett. A gazdasagi valsagot kovető evtizedben az allami szerepvallalas ujradefinialasaval fordulat kovetkezett be: a korabban elhagyni tervezett arszabalyozasi kompetenciak visszaallitasa mellett sor kerult azok centralizalasara, es a tulajdonszerzesek reven megerősodott az allam piaci szereplőkent valo reszvetele. -------- The process of structural reforms, market design changes and regulatory measures of the Hungarian electricity sector can be described as the machinations and the character of a tango in the last 30 years; fast dynamic moves back and forward, with side steps and stops, full of tension. In the era of structural changes (1992-2001) the foundation of the current market regulation were laid. This was the time of privatisation and the creation of long term power purchase agreements. The period since 2001 can be described as the era of unfolding competition characterised by a hybrid system resulting from partial market opening, followed by intense market liberalization. The great recession marks a significant turning point, as in the 2010s participation of state in the energy markets were reasserted. Beside the restoration of price regulation capabilities, market regulation was centralized, and, through state acquisitions in energy companies, the role of the state was strengthened as a market player.