Simplified insecticide toxicity determination method for Nesidiocoris tenuis using contaminated diet

Abstract Nesidiocoris tenuis is a zoophytophagous mirid bug widely studied for its role in preying on major greenhouse pests. Since N. tenuis has now been known for its vigorous predation potential on pests such as Bemisia tabaci, many applied entomologists are now recommending that N. tenuis be merged into the Integrated Pest management (IPM) systems. However, successful integration of N. tenuis into any IPM system depends on thorough evaluation with compatible pesticides, as incompatible pesticides can offset the whole idea of IPM. Here, we simulate the field situation where N. tenuis feeds directly on a contaminated B. tabaci nymph or leaves. However, instead of using live B. tabaci nymphs, we used brine shrimp eggs, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). Brine shrimp eggs have been reported to be an excellent factitious supplementary diet in augmenting N. tenuis populations. Thus, we use brine shrimp eggs to determine the toxicity of pesticides, to which the calculated mortality rates can be used to determine which pesticides can be used together with N. tenuis in an IPM system against any related pest. • We developed a customized containment system that promotes aeration and minimize contamination. • Pesticide contaminated hatched brine shrimp eggs is delivered to N. tenuis in the aerated containment system. • In addition to established methods such as leaf dipping or insect dipping, this method shows to mimic N. tenuis feeding on contaminated B. tabaci nymphs in field conditions thus, predicts how a pesticide may be of toxic or compatible with N. tenuis when both are integrated together.